INGLES-1:CÓMO AFIRMAR Y NEGAR EN INGLÉS
Para estudiantes de secundaria
📌 PARTE 1: LOS AYUDANTES NECESARIOS (AUXILIARES)
¿Qué son los auxiliares?
Son nuestros amigos verbales que nos ayudan a formar oraciones correctamente. ¡Imagínalos como superhéroes del idioma!
Los auxiliares principales:
DO / DOES → Para verbos en presente (excepto "to be" y modales)
DO → con I, you, we, they
DOES → con he, she, it
DID → Para verbos en pasado (para todos)
AM / IS / ARE → Para el verbo "to be" en presente
AM → solo con I
IS → con he, she, it
ARE → con you, we, they
WAS / WERE → Para "to be" en pasado
WAS → con I, he, she, it
WERE → con you, we, they
Modales: can, could, will, would, should, must, might, may
🎯 PARTE 2: CÓMO AFIRMAR (MAKING AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES)
Regla básica:
SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO
Ejemplos:
I play soccer. (Yo juego fútbol)
She studies English. (Ella estudia inglés)
They went to school. (Ellos fueron a la escuela)
💡 Truco especial:
Cuando usamos he, she, it en presente, agregamos -s o -es al verbo:
He plays
She studies
It goes
🔄 PARTE 3: CÓMO NEGAR (MAKING NEGATIVE SENTENCES)
Fórmula mágica:
SUJETO + AUXILIAR + NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL
PASOS PARA NEGAR:
1. Con verbos normales (presente):
DO/DOES + NOT + verbo en forma base
I do not play → I don't play
She does not study → She doesn't study
2. Con verbos normales (pasado):
DID + NOT + verbo en forma base
They did not go → They didn't go
We did not eat → We didn't eat
3. Con el verbo "to be" (presente):
Agregamos NOT directamente:
I am not tired
He is not here → He isn't here
They are not students → They aren't students
4. Con el verbo "to be" (pasado):
I was not at home → I wasn't at home
They were not happy → They weren't happy
5. Con verbos modales:
Agregamos NOT después del modal:
I cannot swim → I can't swim
You should not go → You shouldn't go
She will not come → She won't come
📝 PARTE 4: RESUMEN CON TABLAS
Tabla de auxiliares en negativo:
| Tiempo | Sujeto | Auxiliar negativo | Contracción | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presente | I/you/we/they | do not | don't | I don't like pizza |
| Presente | he/she/it | does not | doesn't | She doesn't play |
| Pasado | todos | did not | didn't | We didn't go |
| To be presente | I | am not | I'm not | I'm not tall |
| To be presente | he/she/it | is not | isn't | He isn't here |
| To be presente | you/we/they | are not | aren't | They aren't my friends |
🎮 PARTE 5: EJERCICIOS PRÁCTICOS
Ejercicio 1: Cambia a negativo
I like chocolate → I __________ like chocolate
She plays tennis → She __________ tennis
They were at the party → They __________ at the party
We can swim → We __________ swim
He studies French → He __________ French
Ejercicio 2: Elige el auxiliar correcto
Maria __________ (don't/doesn't) watch TV.
You __________ (aren't/isn't) in my class.
We __________ (didn't/don't) visit the museum yesterday.
I __________ (can't/cannot) speak Japanese.
The cats __________ (aren't/isn't) sleeping.
🌟 PARTE 6: TRUCOS Y CONSEJOS
Regla de oro:
Cuando ves DOESN'T, el verbo principal PIERDE la -s:
✅ She doesn't play (correcto)
❌ She doesn't plays (incorrecto)
Memoriza estas contracciones comunes:
do not = don't
does not = doesn't
did not = didn't
is not = isn't
are not = aren't
cannot = can't
will not = won't
Mnemotecnia:
"DO y DOES en presente, DID para el pasado; si hay NOT después, la negación has logrado"
📚 RECURSOS ADICIONALES
Para practicar:
Haz tarjetas con verbos y practica afirmando y negando
Juega "Verdad o mentira" con tus compañeros usando oraciones negativas
Escribe 5 cosas que sí haces y 5 que no haces cada día
Señales de alerta:
Si tu verbo termina en -s (plays, eats, runs) y quieres negar:
Quita la -s del verbo principal
Usa DOESN'T si es he/she/it
Ejemplo: "She runs" → "She doesn't run"
¡Recuerda! La práctica hace al maestro. Empieza con oraciones simples y ve aumentando la dificultad poco a poco. ¡Tú puedes! 💪
Respuestas del ejercicio 1: 1. don't, 2. doesn't play, 3. weren't, 4. can't, 5. doesn't study
Respuestas del ejercicio 2: 1. doesn't, 2. aren't, 3. didn't, 4. can't, 5. aren't
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