Pronombres en inglés y cómo se conjugan
Pronombres en inglés y cómo se conjugan
1. ¿Qué es un pronombre?
Un pronombre (pronoun) es una palabra que reemplaza a un sustantivo (noun) para evitar repetirlo.
María is my friend. She is nice. (She reemplaza a María)
María es mi amiga. Ella es simpática.
The book is new. It is expensive. (It reemplaza a the book)
El libro es nuevo. Eso es caro.
2. Tipos de pronombres en inglés
| Tipo | Función | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|
| Personales (sujeto) = Personal (subject) | Hacen la acción | I (yo), you (tú), he (él), she (ella), it (ello), we (nosotros), they (ellos) |
| Personales (objeto) = Personal (object) | Reciben la acción | me (me), you (te), him (lo/le), her (la/le), it (lo), us (nos), them (los/las) |
| Posesivos (adjetivos) = Possessive (adjectives) | Indican posesión + sustantivo | my (mi), your (tu), his (su), her (su), its (su), our (nuestro), their (su) |
| Posesivos (pronombres) = Possessive (pronouns) | Indican posesión solos | mine (mío), yours (tuyo), his (suyo), hers (suyo), its (suyo), ours (nuestro), theirs (suyo) |
| Reflexivos = Reflexive | La acción recae en el sujeto | myself (yo mismo), yourself (tú mismo), himself (él mismo), herself (ella misma), itself (ello mismo), ourselves (nosotros mismos), yourselves (ustedes mismos), themselves (ellos mismos) |
| Demostrativos = Demonstrative | Señalan | this (este/esta), that (ese/esa/aquel), these (estos/estas), those (esos/esas/aquellos) |
| Indefinidos = Indefinite | Cantidad no específica | someone (alguien), anybody (cualquiera), nothing (nada), everyone (todos) |
| Relativos = Relative | Conectan oraciones | who (quien), whom (a quien), whose (cuyo), which (el cual), that (que) |
| Interrogativos = Interrogative | Preguntan | who (quién), what (qué), which (cuál), whom (a quién), whose (de quién) |
3. Pronombres personales (los más importantes)
Tabla completa
| Persona | Sujeto | Objeto | Posesivo (adj) | Posesivo (pron) | Reflexivo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1ª sing. = 1ª singular | I = yo | me = me / mí | my = mi | mine = mío / mía | myself = yo mismo / me |
| 2ª sing. = 2ª singular | you = tú / usted | you = te / ti / lo / la | your = tu / su | yours = tuyo / suyo | yourself = tú mismo / te |
| 3ª sing. (m) = 3ª singular (masculino) | he = él | him = lo / le / él | his = su (de él) | his = suyo (de él) | himself = él mismo / se |
| 3ª sing. (f) = 3ª singular (femenino) | she = ella | her = la / le / ella | her = su (de ella) | hers = suyo (de ella) | herself = ella misma / se |
| 3ª sing. (n) = 3ª singular (neutro) | it = ello / eso | it = lo / la / ello | its = su (de ello) | its = suyo (de ello) | itself = ello mismo / se |
| 1ª plural = 1ª plural | we = nosotros / nosotras | us = nos / nosotros | our = nuestro / nuestra | ours = nuestro / nuestra | ourselves = nosotros mismos / nos |
| 2ª plural = 2ª plural | you = ustedes / vosotros | you = los / las / les / ustedes | your = su / vuestro | yours = suyo / vuestro | yourselves = ustedes mismos / se |
| 3ª plural = 3ª plural | they = ellos / ellas | them = los / las / les | their = su (de ellos) | theirs = suyo (de ellos) | themselves = ellos mismos / se |
a) Pronombres de sujeto (Subject pronouns)
Van antes del verbo, hacen la acción.
I love music. = Yo amo la música.
She works here. = Ella trabaja aquí.
They are students. = Ellos son estudiantes.
b) Pronombres de objeto (Object pronouns)
Van después del verbo o preposición.
She loves me. = Ella me ama a mí.
I saw him yesterday. = Yo lo vi a él ayer.
Give them the book. = Dales el libro a ellos.
This is for us. = Esto es para nosotros.
Diferencia clave:
I saw her. = Yo vi a ella. (I = sujeto, her = objeto)
She saw me. = Ella me vio a mí. (She = sujeto, me = objeto)
4. Pronombres posesivos (Possessive pronouns)
a) Adjetivos posesivos (van ANTES del sustantivo)
My car is red. = Mi coche es rojo.
Your house is big. = Tu casa es grande.
His name is John. = Su nombre es John.
Her hair is long. = Su cabello es largo.
Our team won. = Nuestro equipo ganó.
Their children are young. = Sus hijos son jóvenes.
b) Pronombres posesivos (van SOLOS, sin sustantivo)
This car is mine. = Este coche es mío.
That book is yours. = Ese libro es tuyo.
The decision is his. = La decisión es suya.
The idea was hers. = La idea fue suya.
The victory is ours. = La victoria es nuestra.
The fault is theirs. = La culpa es suya.
Diferencia:
This is my book. = Este es mi libro. (my + sustantivo)
This book is mine. = Este libro es mío. (mine solo)
5. Pronombres reflexivos (Reflexive pronouns)
Se usan cuando el sujeto y el objeto son la misma persona.
Estructura: S + V + reflexivo
I hurt myself. = Me lastimé a mí mismo.
She looks at herself in the mirror. = Ella se mira a sí misma en el espejo.
They enjoyed themselves at the party. = Ellos se divirtieron a sí mismos en la fiesta.
He taught himself to play guitar. = Él se enseñó a sí mismo a tocar guitarra.
También se usan para énfasis:
I did it myself. = Lo hice yo mismo.
The president himself came. = El presidente mismo vino.
Verbos que en inglés NO son reflexivos (pero en español sí):
| Español | Inglés |
|---|---|
| Me levanto | I get up = Me levanto |
| Me ducho | I take a shower = Me ducho |
| Me visto | I get dressed = Me visto |
| Me siento | I sit down = Me siento |
| Me acuerdo | I remember = Me acuerdo |
❌ I get up myself → ✅ I get up
6. Pronombres demostrativos (Demonstrative pronouns)
| Singular | Plural | Uso |
|---|---|---|
| this = este / esta / esto | these = estos / estas | Cerca (aquí) |
| that = ese / esa / aquel / aquella | those = esos / esas / aquellos / aquellas | Lejos (allí) |
This is my book. = Este es mi libro. (cerca)
These are my books. = Estos son mis libros. (cerca, plural)
That is your car. = Ese es tu coche. (lejos)
Those are your cars. = Esos son tus coches. (lejos, plural)
7. Pronombres indefinidos (Indefinite pronouns)
| Tipo | Pronombres |
|---|---|
| Personas = People | someone/somebody = alguien, anyone/anybody = cualquiera / nadie, no one/nobody = nadie, everyone/everybody = todos |
| Cosas = Things | something = algo, anything = cualquier cosa / nada, nothing = nada, everything = todo |
| Lugares = Places | somewhere = en algún lugar, anywhere = en cualquier lugar / ningún lugar, nowhere = en ningún lugar, everywhere = en todas partes |
Reglas:
Son singulares → Everyone is here. = Todos están aquí. (no are)
Nothing is impossible. = Nada es imposible.
Somebody left his/her bag. = Alguien dejó su bolsa.
Some vs any:
Some en afirmativas: I have something. = Tengo algo.
Any en negativas/preguntas: I don't have anything. = No tengo nada. / Do you have anything? = ¿Tienes algo?
8. Pronombres relativos (Relative pronouns)
| Pronombre | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| who = quien / que | Personas (sujeto) | The man who called is my uncle. = El hombre que llamó es mi tío. |
| whom = a quien / que | Personas (objeto) | The girl whom I met is nice. = La chica a quien conocí es simpática. |
| whose = cuyo / cuya | Posesión | The boy whose father is a doctor. = El niño cuyo padre es doctor. |
| which = el cual / que | Cosas/animales | The book which I read was good. = El libro que leí era bueno. |
| that = que | Personas o cosas | The car that I bought is red. = El coche que compré es rojo. |
9. Cómo se conjugan los verbos con pronombres
Aquí está la clave: el verbo cambia según el pronombre sujeto.
a) Verbo "to be" (ser/estar) — el más irregular
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado | Futuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | am = soy / estoy | was = era / estaba | will be = seré / estaré |
| You = tú | are = eres / estás | were = eras / estabas | will be = serás / estarás |
| He = él | is = es / está | was = era / estaba | will be = será / estará |
| She = ella | is = es / está | was = era / estaba | will be = será / estará |
| It = ello | is = es / está | was = era / estaba | will be = será / estará |
| We = nosotros | are = somos / estamos | were = éramos / estábamos | will be = seremos / estaremos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | are = son / están | were = eran / estaban | will be = serán / estarán |
| They = ellos | are = son / están | were = eran / estaban | will be = serán / estarán |
Ejemplos:
I am tired. = Yo estoy cansado.
She is happy. = Ella está feliz.
They are students. = Ellos son estudiantes.
We were at home. = Nosotros estábamos en casa.
b) Verbo "to have" (tener)
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado | Futuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | have = tengo | had = tenía / tuve | will have = tendré |
| You = tú | have = tienes | had = tenías / tuviste | will have = tendrás |
| He = él | has = tiene | had = tenía / tuvo | will have = tendrá |
| She = ella | has = tiene | had = tenía / tuvo | will have = tendrá |
| It = ello | has = tiene | had = tenía / tuvo | will have = tendrá |
| We = nosotros | have = tenemos | had = teníamos / tuvimos | will have = tendremos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | have = tienen | had = tenían / tuvieron | will have = tendrán |
| They = ellos | have = tienen | had = tenían / tuvieron | will have = tendrán |
Ejemplos:
I have a car. = Yo tengo un coche.
She has a dog. = Ella tiene un perro.
They had a good time. = Ellos tuvieron un buen momento.
c) Verbos regulares (work = trabajar, play = jugar, study = estudiar)
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado | Futuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | work = trabajo | worked = trabajé / trabajaba | will work = trabajaré |
| You = tú | work = trabajas | worked = trabajaste | will work = trabajarás |
| He = él | works = trabaja | worked = trabajó | will work = trabajará |
| She = ella | works = trabaja | worked = trabajó | will work = trabajará |
| It = ello | works = trabaja | worked = trabajó | will work = trabajará |
| We = nosotros | work = trabajamos | worked = trabajamos | will work = trabajaremos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | work = trabajan | worked = trabajaron | will work = trabajarán |
| They = ellos | work = trabajan | worked = trabajaron | will work = trabajarán |
Regla de oro: Solo la 3ª persona singular (he, she, it) agrega -s/-es en presente simple.
Reglas del -s/-es:
work → works = trabaja
watch → watches = mira
study → studies = estudia (consonante + y → ies)
go → goes = va
have → has = tiene (irregular)
d) Verbo "to do" (hacer)
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado | Futuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | do = hago | did = hice / hacía | will do = haré |
| You = tú | do = haces | did = hiciste | will do = harás |
| He = él | does = hace | did = hizo | will do = hará |
| She = ella | does = hace | did = hizo | will do = hará |
| It = ello | does = hace | did = hizo | will do = hará |
| We = nosotros | do = hacemos | did = hicimos | will do = haremos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | do = hacen | did = hicieron | will do = harán |
| They = ellos | do = hacen | did = hicieron | will do = harán |
10. Conjugación en negativas e interrogativas
Con la mayoría de verbos, se usa do/does/did como auxiliar.
Negativas
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado |
|---|---|---|
| I = yo | don't work = no trabajo | didn't work = no trabajé |
| You = tú | don't work = no trabajas | didn't work = no trabajaste |
| He = él | doesn't work = no trabaja | didn't work = no trabajó |
| She = ella | doesn't work = no trabaja | didn't work = no trabajó |
| It = ello | doesn't work = no trabaja | didn't work = no trabajó |
| We = nosotros | don't work = no trabajamos | didn't work = no trabajamos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | don't work = no trabajan | didn't work = no trabajaron |
| They = ellos | don't work = no trabajan | didn't work = no trabajaron |
Ojo: Después de doesn't/didn't, el verbo va en base (sin -s).
✅ She doesn't work. = Ella no trabaja.
❌ She doesn't works.
Preguntas
| Pronombre | Presente | Pasado |
|---|---|---|
| I = yo | Do I work? = ¿Trabajo yo? | Did I work? = ¿Trabajé yo? |
| You = tú | Do you work? = ¿Trabajas tú? | Did you work? = ¿Trabajaste tú? |
| He = él | Does he work? = ¿Trabaja él? | Did he work? = ¿Trabajó él? |
| She = ella | Does she work? = ¿Trabaja ella? | Did she work? = ¿Trabajó ella? |
| It = ello | Does it work? = ¿Funciona eso? | Did it work? = ¿Funcionó eso? |
| We = nosotros | Do we work? = ¿Trabajamos nosotros? | Did we work? = ¿Trabajamos nosotros? |
| You (pl) = ustedes | Do you work? = ¿Trabajan ustedes? | Did you work? = ¿Trabajaron ustedes? |
| They = ellos | Do they work? = ¿Trabajan ellos? | Did they work? = ¿Trabajaron ellos? |
11. Con verbos modales (can, will, should...)
Los modales NO cambian según el pronombre:
| Pronombre | Can | Will | Should |
|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | can = puedo | will = (futuro) | should = debería |
| You = tú | can = puedes | will = (futuro) | should = deberías |
| He = él | can = puede | will = (futuro) | should = debería |
| She = ella | can = puede | will = (futuro) | should = debería |
| It = ello | can = puede | will = (futuro) | should = debería |
| We = nosotros | can = podemos | will = (futuro) | should = deberíamos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | can = pueden | will = (futuro) | should = deberían |
| They = ellos | can = pueden | will = (futuro) | should = deberían |
Ejemplos:
I can swim. = Yo puedo nadar. / She can swim. = Ella puede nadar. / They can swim. = Ellos pueden nadar.
He will come. = Él vendrá. / We will come. = Nosotros vendremos.
Regla: Después de un modal, el verbo va en base (sin to, sin -s, sin -ing).
✅ She can swim. = Ella puede nadar.
❌ She can swims / to swim / swimming.
12. Tabla maestra de conjugación
| Pronombre | To be (pres) | To have (pres) | To work (pres) | To go (pres) | Can |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I = yo | am = soy/estoy | have = tengo | work = trabajo | go = voy | can = puedo |
| You = tú | are = eres/estás | have = tienes | work = trabajas | go = vas | can = puedes |
| He = él | is = es/está | has = tiene | works = trabaja | goes = va | can = puede |
| She = ella | is = es/está | has = tiene | works = trabaja | goes = va | can = puede |
| It = ello | is = es/está | has = tiene | works = trabaja | goes = va | can = puede |
| We = nosotros | are = somos/estamos | have = tenemos | work = trabajamos | go = vamos | can = podemos |
| You (pl) = ustedes | are = son/están | have = tienen | work = trabajan | go = van | can = pueden |
| They = ellos | are = son/están | have = tienen | work = trabajan | go = van | can = pueden |
13. Errores comunes
| Error | Corrección | Explicación |
|---|---|---|
| He don't like it | He doesn't like it = Él no lo quiere | 3ª persona usa doesn't |
| She work here | She works here = Ella trabaja aquí | 3ª persona agrega -s |
| I and my friend | My friend and I = Mi amigo y yo | El yo va al final |
| Me and him went | He and I went = Él y yo fuimos | Sujeto, no objeto |
| Between you and I | Between you and me = Entre tú y yo | Después de preposición, objeto |
| The book is my | The book is mine = El libro es mío | Posesivo solo = mine |
| I hurt me | I hurt myself = Me lastimé | Reflexivo |
| Everyone are here | Everyone is here = Todos están aquí | Indefinidos son singulares |
| She can to swim | She can swim = Ella puede nadar | Modal + base |
| I get up myself | I get up = Me levanto | No reflexivo en inglés |
14. Orden correcto en la oración
SUJETO + VERBO + OBJETO I love you. = Yo te amo. She sees him. = Ella lo ve. They help us. = Ellos nos ayudan.
Nunca:
❌ Me love you. → ✅ I love you. = Yo te amo.
❌ Him sees she. → ✅ He sees her. = Él la ve.
15. Ejercicios prácticos
Completa con el pronombre o la forma correcta:
______ (I/me) am a student.
She loves ______ (he/him).
This book is ______ (my/mine).
______ (They/Them) are my friends.
He hurt ______ (himself/him) playing soccer.
______ (This/These) are my shoes.
She ______ (work) in a bank.
______ (Do/Does) he speak English?
I ______ (not/like) coffee.
Everyone ______ (is/are) welcome.
Respuestas:
I = Yo
him = a él
mine = mío
They = Ellos
himself = a sí mismo
These = Estos
works = trabaja
Does = ¿...?
don't like = no me gusta
is = está
16. Resumen visual
SUJETO → OBJETO → POSESIVO → REFLEXIVO I → me → my/mine → myself yo → me → mi/mío → yo mismo you → you → your/yours → yourself tú → te → tu/tuyo → tú mismo he → him → his/his → himself él → lo → su/suyo → él mismo she → her → her/hers → herself ella → la → su/suya → ella misma it → it → its/its → itself ello → lo → su/suyo → ello mismo we → us → our/ours → ourselves nosotros → nos → nuestro/nuestra → nosotros mismos they → them → their/theirs → themselves ellos → los → su/suyo → ellos mismos
Conjugación:
Solo he/she/it cambia en presente simple (+s)
To be es el más irregular (am/is/are)
To have → has en 3ª persona
Modales nunca cambian
Después de do/does/did, verbo en base
¿Quieres que profundice en pronombres relativos, indefinidos, o prefieres un tutorial sobre verbos modales o question words (WH-questions)
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